abstract：:Intraerythrocytic malaria parasites send hundreds of effector proteins into the host cell. Diverse modes of export have been proposed for different proteins. In this issue, Grüring et al. (2012) present findings that bring the models together. ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Goldberg DE

更新日期：2012-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Innate immune responses are characterized by precise gene expression whereby gene subsets are temporally induced to limit infection, although the mechanisms involved are incompletely understood. We show that antiviral immunity in Drosophila requires the transcriptional pausing pathway, including negative elongation fa...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Xu J,Grant G,Sabin LR,Gordesky-Gold B,Yasunaga A,Tudor M,Cherry S

更新日期：2012-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite numerous attempts over many years to develop an HIV vaccine based on classical strategies, none has convincingly succeeded to date. A number of approaches are being pursued in the field, including building upon possible efficacy indicated by the recent RV144 clinical trial, which combined two HIV vaccines. Her...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Burton DR,Ahmed R,Barouch DH,Butera ST,Crotty S,Godzik A,Kaufmann DE,McElrath MJ,Nussenzweig MC,Pulendran B,Scanlan CN,Schief WR,Silvestri G,Streeck H,Walker BD,Walker LM,Ward AB,Wilson IA,Wyatt R

更新日期：2012-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Type I interferons (IFNs) are considered to be the universal mechanism by which viral infections are controlled. However, many IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) rely on antiviral pathways that are toxic to host cells, which may be detrimental in nonrenewable cell types, such as neurons. We show that dorsal root ganglionic (...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Yordy B,Iijima N,Huttner A,Leib D,Iwasaki A

更新日期：2012-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Colitis results from breakdown of homeostasis between intestinal microbiota and the mucosal immune system, with both environmental and genetic influencing factors. Flagellin receptor TLR5-deficient mice (T5KO) display elevated intestinal proinflammatory gene expression and colitis with incomplete penetrance, providing...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Carvalho FA,Koren O,Goodrich JK,Johansson ME,Nalbantoglu I,Aitken JD,Su Y,Chassaing B,Walters WA,González A,Clemente JC,Cullender TC,Barnich N,Darfeuille-Michaud A,Vijay-Kumar M,Knight R,Ley RE,Gewirtz AT

更新日期：2012-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The life cycle of several viruses involves host or virally encoded small noncoding RNAs, which play important roles in posttranscriptional regulation. Small noncoding RNAs include microRNAs (miRNAs), which modulate the transcriptome, and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which are involved in pathogen defense in plants...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Backes S,Shapiro JS,Sabin LR,Pham AM,Reyes I,Moss B,Cherry S,tenOever BR

更新日期：2012-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:In response to virus infection, cells can alter protein expression to modify cellular functions and limit viral replication. To examine host protein expression during infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), an enveloped DNA virus, we performed a semiquantitative, temporal analysis of the cell surface proteome in ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Gudleski-O'Regan N,Greco TM,Cristea IM,Shenk T

更新日期：2012-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Overcoming the cellular type I interferon (IFN) host defense response is critical for a virus to ensure successful infection. Investigating the effects of human adenovirus (HAdV) infection on global cellular histone posttranslational modification (hPTM), we discovered that virus infection-induced activation of IFN sig...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Fonseca GJ,Thillainadesan G,Yousef AF,Ablack JN,Mossman KL,Torchia J,Mymryk JS

更新日期：2012-06-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytosolic bacterial pathogens activate the cytosolic surveillance pathway (CSP) and induce innate immune responses, but how the host detects vacuolar pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis is poorly understood. We show that M. tuberculosis also initiates the CSP upon macrophage infection via limited perforation of ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Manzanillo PS,Shiloh MU,Portnoy DA,Cox JS

更新日期：2012-05-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Local infection in the Drosophila larval intestine elicits a systemic immune reaction in fat bodies. In this issue, Wu and colleagues (2012) show that this is a reactive oxygen species-dependent communication. ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Amcheslavsky A,Ip YT

更新日期：2012-04-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Pathogens commonly utilize endocytic pathways to gain cellular access. The endosomal pattern recognition receptors TLR7 and TLR9 detect pathogen-encoded nucleic acids to initiate MyD88-dependent proinflammatory responses to microbial infection. Using genome-wide RNAi screening and integrative systems-based analysis, w...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Chiang CY,Engel A,Opaluch AM,Ramos I,Maestre AM,Secundino I,De Jesus PD,Nguyen QT,Welch G,Bonamy GM,Miraglia LJ,Orth AP,Nizet V,Fernandez-Sesma A,Zhou Y,Barton GM,Chanda SK

更新日期：2012-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Invasion of epithelial cells by Shigella is a critical step in the pathogenesis of bacillary dysentery. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Bergounioux et al. (2012) uncover a complex interplay of proinvasion, prosurvival, and prodeath signals centered on the activation of calpain protease by the Shigella VirA prote...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Rudel T

更新日期：2012-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Transition metals such as iron, zinc, copper, and manganese are essential for the growth and development of organisms ranging from bacteria to mammals. Numerous studies have focused on the impact of iron availability during bacterial and fungal infections, and increasing evidence suggests that copper is also involved ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Samanovic MI,Ding C,Thiele DJ,Darwin KH

更新日期：2012-02-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Salmonella Typhimurium causes diarrhea by infecting the epithelium and lamina propria of the intestinal mucosa and by secreting various effector proteins through type III secretion systems (TTSSs). However, the mechanisms by which Salmonella transverses the epithelium and is subsequently released into the lamina propr...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Müller AJ,Kaiser P,Dittmar KE,Weber TC,Haueter S,Endt K,Songhet P,Zellweger C,Kremer M,Fehling HJ,Hardt WD

更新日期：2012-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:HIV-1 can infect T cells by cell-free virus or by direct virion transfer between cells through cell contact-induced structures called virological synapses (VS). During VS-mediated infection, virions accumulate within target cell endosomes. We show that after crossing the VS, the transferred virus undergoes both matura...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Dale BM,McNerney GP,Thompson DL,Hubner W,de Los Reyes K,Chuang FY,Huser T,Chen BK

更新日期：2011-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:iNKT cells are innate T lymphocytes recognizing endogenous and foreign lipid antigens presented in the MHC-like molecule CD1d. The semi-invariant iNKT cell TCR can detect certain bacterial and parasitic lipids and drive iNKT cell responses. How iNKT cells respond to fungi, however, is unknown. We found that CD1d-defic...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Cohen NR,Tatituri RV,Rivera A,Watts GF,Kim EY,Chiba A,Fuchs BB,Mylonakis E,Besra GS,Levitz SM,Brigl M,Brenner MB

更新日期：2011-11-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Newborns are colonized with an intestinal microbiota shortly after birth, but the factors governing the retention and abundance of specific microbial lineages are unknown. Nursing infants consume human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) that pass undigested to the distal gut, where they may be digested by microbes. We deter...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Marcobal A,Barboza M,Sonnenburg ED,Pudlo N,Martens EC,Desai P,Lebrilla CB,Weimer BC,Mills DA,German JB,Sonnenburg JL

更新日期：2011-11-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a Gram-negative halophilic bacterium that causes acute gastroenteritis in humans, is characterized by two type III secretion systems (T3SS), namely T3SS1 and T3SS2. T3SS2 is indispensable for enterotoxicity but the effector(s) involved are unknown. Here, we identify VopV as a critical effector...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Hiyoshi H,Kodama T,Saito K,Gotoh K,Matsuda S,Akeda Y,Honda T,Iida T

更新日期：2011-10-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The oral microbial community represents the best-characterized consortium associated with the human host. There are strong correlations between the qualitative composition of the oral microbiota and clinically healthy or diseased states. However, additional studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms that define th...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Curtis MA,Zenobia C,Darveau RP

更新日期：2011-10-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The innate and adaptive immune responses that confer resistance to the intracellular pathogen Toxoplasma gondii critically depend on IL-12 production, which drives interferon-γ (IFN-γ) expression. Certain cytokines can activate STAT3 and limit IL-12 production to prevent infection-associated immune pathology, but T. g...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Whitmarsh RJ,Gray CM,Gregg B,Christian DA,May MJ,Murray PJ,Hunter CA

更新日期：2011-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi is primarily transmitted to vertebrates by Ixodes ticks. The classical and alternative complement pathways are important in Borrelia eradication by the vertebrate host. We recently identified a tick salivary protein, designated P8, which reduced complement-mediated killing o...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Schuijt TJ,Coumou J,Narasimhan S,Dai J,Deponte K,Wouters D,Brouwer M,Oei A,Roelofs JJ,van Dam AP,van der Poll T,Van't Veer C,Hovius JW,Fikrig E

更新日期：2011-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Host nitric oxide (NO⋅) production is important for controlling intracellular bacterial pathogens, including Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. S. Typhmurium 14028s is prototrophic for all amino acids but cannot synthesize methionine (M) or lysine (K) du...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Richardson AR,Payne EC,Younger N,Karlinsey JE,Thomas VC,Becker LA,Navarre WW,Castor ME,Libby SJ,Fang FC

更新日期：2011-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell migration and invasion require the coordinated regulation of cytoskeletal architectural changes by signaling factors, including the actin-binding protein cortactin. Bacterial and viral pathogens subvert these signaling factors to promote their uptake, spread and dissemination. We show that the gastric pathogen He...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Tegtmeyer N,Wittelsberger R,Hartig R,Wessler S,Martinez-Quiles N,Backert S

更新日期：2011-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The intestinal microbiota is important for induction of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is associated with complex shifts in microbiota composition, but it is unclear whether specific bacterial subsets induce IBD and, if so, whether their proportions in the microbiota are altered during disease. Here, we fulfill...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Bloom SM,Bijanki VN,Nava GM,Sun L,Malvin NP,Donermeyer DL,Dunne WM Jr,Allen PM,Stappenbeck TS

更新日期：2011-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Sleeping sickness is characterized by waves of the extracellular parasite Trypanosoma brucei in host blood, with infections continuing for months or years until inevitable host death. These waves reflect the dynamic conflict between the outgrowth of a succession of parasite antigenic variants and their control by the ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： MacGregor P,Savill NJ,Hall D,Matthews KR

更新日期：2011-04-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), which naturally persists in rodents, represents a model for HIV, HBV, and HCV. Cleavage of the viral glycoprotein precursor by membrane-bound transcription factor peptidase, site 1 (Mbtps1 or site-1 protease), is crucial for the life cycle of arenavi...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Popkin DL,Teijaro JR,Sullivan BM,Urata S,Rutschmann S,de la Torre JC,Kunz S,Beutler B,Oldstone M

更新日期：2011-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Pioneering plant research has shown that many Nod-like receptors (NLRs) detect pathogens indirectly via recognizing modifications of other host proteins. In this issue, two groups show that the RPM1 NLR is activated by phosphorylation of the host protein RIN4, probably resulting from activation of a host kinase by pat...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Innes RW

更新日期：2011-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatitis C virus genome replication occurs in endoplasmic reticulum-derived membrane compartments, but it is unknown how these structures arise. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Reiss and colleagues (2011) show that the virus recruits a specific lipid kinase to replication sites, stimulates its kinase activity, ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Lindenbach BD

更新日期：2011-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Oncogenic viruses infect many cells but rarely lead to tumorigenesis. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Nikitin et al. describe how a protective DNA damage response acts to suppress transformation in the majority of cells latently infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Lilley CE,Weitzman MD

更新日期：2010-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Although anthrax toxin was identified as a major Bacillus anthracis virulence factor over 50 years ago, defining the physiologically relevant targets has been challenging. Liu et al. demonstrate that intoxication of myeloid-derived cells contributes to establishing infection but is not required for mortality resulting...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Bradley KA,LeVine SM

更新日期：2010-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) causes typhoid fever, a life-threatening human disease. The lack of animal models due to S. Typhi's strict human host specificity has hindered its study and vaccine development. We find that immunodeficient Rag2(-/-) γc(-/-) mice engrafted with human fetal liver hematopoiet...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Song J,Willinger T,Rongvaux A,Eynon EE,Stevens S,Manz MG,Flavell RA,Galán JE

更新日期：2010-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Disruption of homeostasis between the host immune system and the intestinal microbiota leads to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Whether IBD is instigated by individual species or disruptions of entire microbial communities remains controversial. We characterized the fecal microbial communities in the recently descri...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Garrett WS,Gallini CA,Yatsunenko T,Michaud M,DuBois A,Delaney ML,Punit S,Karlsson M,Bry L,Glickman JN,Gordon JI,Onderdonk AB,Glimcher LH

更新日期：2010-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs or Pglyrps) regulate antibacterial responses in Drosophila, yet their functions in humans remain unclear. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Saha and colleagues report that mammalian PGRPs can prevent aberrant interferon-gamma--induced inflammatory damage in vivo by modulat...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Rubino S,Lee J,Girardin SE

更新日期：2010-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The intestinal immune system has to strike a delicate balance between initiating inflammatory responses against invading bacterial pathogens and avoiding their induction against microbiota colonizing the lumen. Adequate inflammatory responses against bacterial invasion result in the lumenal secretion of antimicrobial ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Winter SE,Keestra AM,Tsolis RM,Bäumler AJ

更新日期：2010-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Virulence of emerging community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) and other highly pathogenic S. aureus strains depends on their production of phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) peptide toxins, which combine the capacities to attract and lyse neutrophils. The molecular basis of PSM-stimulated ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Kretschmer D,Gleske AK,Rautenberg M,Wang R,Köberle M,Bohn E,Schöneberg T,Rabiet MJ,Boulay F,Klebanoff SJ,van Kessel KA,van Strijp JA,Otto M,Peschel A

更新日期：2010-06-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Many Rickettsia species are intracellular bacterial pathogens that use actin-based motility for spread during infection. However, while other bacteria assemble actin tails consisting of branched networks, Rickettsia assemble long parallel actin bundles, suggesting the use of a distinct mechanism for exploiting actin. ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Serio AW,Jeng RL,Haglund CM,Reed SC,Welch MD

更新日期：2010-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Productive transcription of the HIV-1 genome involves RNA polymerase II working in concert with the viral protein Tat and its team of cofactors in a highly orchestrated process. Now, Pagans and colleagues report that the lysine methyltransferase Set7/9-KMT7 associates with Tat to stimulate RNA polymerase II elongation...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Rice AP

更新日期：2010-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) promotes dendritic cell (DC) differentiation and survival in vitro. However, its role in host defense at the intestinal mucosa is unknown. We report that infection with the mouse enteric pathogen, Citrobacter rodentium, increased colonic GM-CSF production and C...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Hirata Y,Egea L,Dann SM,Eckmann L,Kagnoff MF

更新日期：2010-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Tir, a translocated effector protein from enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), contains two phosphotyrosines that initiate cellular signaling cascades, leading to localized actin polymerization into pedestals. A recent study now shows that two additional tyrosines within Tir recruit the inositol phosphatase SHIP2 to gener...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Campellone KG

更新日期：2010-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Apicomplexa are unicellular eukaryotic pathogens that carry a vestigial algal endosymbiont, the apicoplast. The physiological function of the apicoplast and its integration into parasite metabolism remain poorly understood and at times controversial. We establish that the Toxoplasma apicoplast membrane-localized phosp...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Brooks CF,Johnsen H,van Dooren GG,Muthalagi M,Lin SS,Bohne W,Fischer K,Striepen B

更新日期：2010-01-21 00:00:00